147 Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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147 ToolsChecklists – Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
When clinical mastitis has been diagnosed in a quarter, a sterile milk sample should be taken to determine which bacteria is responsible. This will help with implementing specific mastitis control measures. Cows should be sampled as soon as mastitis is detected, preferably before milking is commenced. This checklist with images details how to prepare the udder and teats before taking a milk sample and how to do so as cleanly and aseptically as possible, so as to not contaminate the sample.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

146 How to use Orbeseal teat sealant by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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146 ToolsChecklists – How to use Orbeseal teat sealant by Zoetis

SIG: Prudent use AB \ Farmer
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This photo guide or checklist of how to prepare a cow’s udder and teats before, during and after insertion of a teat sealant, such as Orbeseal, is practical and easy to follow. It covers the basic hygienic approach, the order in which to clean teats, the tube insertion technique and the order of insertion of teat sealant into the teats to minimise spread of infection.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

144 Farmer guide – Technique for infusion of a combination of dry cow antibiotic and Orbeseal by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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144 ToolsChecklists – FARMER GUIDE – TECHNIQUE FOR INFUSION OF A COMBINATION OF DRY COW ANTIBIOTIC AND ORBESEAL by Zoetis

SIG: Prudent use

Species: Dairy

Summary:
The theory of using antibiotic dry cow therapy and the teat sealant, OrbeSeal, is that the antibiotic helps ‘clean up’ any existing udder infections and the OrbeSeal ‘seals up’ the teat, preventing new infections right up until calving.
This practical farmer guide outlines a technique that, whilst taking a little bit longer than your normal method, will help you achieve the best possible results and avoid dead cows! The guide covers the steps of observing strict hygiene when preparing the teat, tube insertion technique including how to hold the teat and how far to insert the tubes. The guide also contains helpful pictures and top tips for drying cows off.
144 ToolsChecklists – FARMER GUIDE – TECHNIQUE FOR INFUSION OF A COMBINATION OF DRY COW ANTIBIOTIC AND ORBESEAL by Zoetis

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/pdfs-and-images/infusion-of-orbeseal.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

141 Johnes; Dairy by James Smith UK Herdwise 2018 winner (Farm Innovation)

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141 Farm Innovation – Johnes; Dairy by James Smith UK Herdwise 2018 winner

Significant Interest Groups: Pathogen management \ Eradication
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
For James Smith, winner of the UK’s National Milk Records 2018 Herdwise award, reducing Johnes disease burden across his 240-head organic Holstein Friesian herd in Chippenham, UK, saw Johne’s positive cows reduce from 35 per cent of the herd to 15 per cent in two years. Since June 2016, this has included the introduction of several herd management practices e.g. installation of a pasteuriser and Johne’s testing done quarterly via milk samples taken as part of the Herdwise Johne’s screening scheme. If a cow has a positive result above 60 per cent, it is culled at the end of that lactation. Cows with very high readings, often termed „super shedders‟, are culled as soon as possible. “The long-term goal is to eliminate Johne’s completely, but realistically this will take several years so it is vital we have the management strategies in place to achieve this.”

Where to find the original material: https://www.fginsight.com/vip/vip/holstein-herd-rewarded-for-johnes-control-practices-64389;
Country: UK

140 Biosecurity Practices for Dairy Operations by Texas AgriLife Extension (Tools & Checklists)

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140 ToolsChecklists – Biosecurity Practices for Dairy Operations by Texas AgriLife Extension

Significant Interest Groups: Biosecurity

Species targeted: Dairy; Beef;
Summary:
Biosecurity measures prevent infectious diseases from affecting a herd. By implementing general management and vaccination practices, producers protect their herds from existing diseases within a country and from possible foreign animal disease outbreaks. This US made checklist and fact sheet contains information on herd immunity, common diseases, vaccination protocols, best practice animal husbandry, key steps to take when purchasing animals, biosecurity practices and staffing. It includes helpful tick lists of what steps you can take to ensure disease does not enter, spread or multiply on your farm.

https://texashelp.tamu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Biosecurity-Practices-For-Dairy-Operations.pdf;

Country: USA;

138 Non-human antimicrobial use surveillance in Canada (CCVO) (Industry Innovation)

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138 Industry Innovation – NON-HUMAN ANTIMICROBIAL USE SURVEILLANCE IN CANADA_ SURVEILLANCE OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS by Canadian Council of Chief Veterinary Officers (CCVO)

Significant Interest Group: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The Council of Chief Veterinary Officers’ (CCVO) Antimicrobial Use in Animal Agriculture Committee established an Antimicrobial Use (AMU) Surveillance Working group in October 2013. The overarching objectives of this group were to 1) review current Canadian non-human AMU surveillance programs, 2) compare these programs to AMU surveillance programs in other countries, and 3) formulate recommendations and options for non-human AMU surveillance in Canada. This work began prior to the release of Canada’s Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Federal Framework and Federal Action Plan. One of the key objectives identified in these documents was to establish and strengthen AMR and AMU surveillance systems in humans and animals in Canada. Though Canada has robust AMR/AMU surveillance programs, “there is no comprehensive and integrated national picture of AMR [and AMU] in human health and within the agri-food system in Canada.” This report, therefore, is pivotal as Canada prepares to advance AMU surveillance.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cahss.ca/media/uploads/cipars/documents/17-08-01_19-44/CCVO_AMUCommittee_Non-HumanAMUSurveillance_FINAL_NjgJxTA.pdf;
Country: CA

137 National Milk Producers Federation FARM program Herd Health Plan template by National Milk Producers Federation (Tools & Checklists)

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137 ToolsChecklists – National Milk Producers Federation FARM program Herd Health Plan template by National Milk Producers Federation

Main Significant Interest Group: Other

Species: Dairy

The FARM program Herd Health Plan template is a tool for comprehensive and structured discussions for managing herd health. It is based on the National Milk Producers Federation FARM program from the US, which stipulates best practice for caring for dairy cattle and protocols for achieving optimal animal health and welfare. The tool has a series of checklists to ensure all parameters and procedures are adhered to, helpful diagrams for procedures such as injection site selection and euthanasia and space for individual farmers/stock people and advisors to add in their commitment to complying with the standards.

https://nationaldairyfarm.com/farm-animal-care-version-4-0/;

Country: USA

136 On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms (Research paper – Noremark, 2014)

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136 Research paper – Noremark – 2014 – On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The objectives of this study were to investigate how professionals visiting animal farms in Sweden in their daily work perceive the on-farm conditions for biosecurity, the factors that influence their own biosecurity routines and what they describe as obstacles for biosecurity. Visited pig farms had a higher proportion of biosecurity measures in place, whereas the conditions were poorer on sheep and goat farms and horse farms. Many of the reported obstacles related to the very basics of biosecurity, such as access to soap and water. Responsibility was identified to be a key issue; while some farmers expect visitors to take responsibility for keeping up biosecurity they do not provide the adequate on-farm conditions. There was a gap when it came to responsibility which needs to be clarified. Visitors need to take responsibility for avoiding spread of disease, while farmers need to assume responsibility for providing adequate conditions for on-farm biosecurity.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036743/pdf/1751-0147-56-28.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-56-28

Country: SE

131 EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union (Research report – EMA EFSA, 2017 )

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131 Research report – EMA EFSA – 2017 – EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: In 2017, EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Some reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States, including: national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing by veterinarians and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry, disease prevention and control measures.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666; https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666

Country: EU

130 Mastitis treatment_Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows (Research report – Kromker, 2017)

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130 Research report – Kromker – 2017 – Mastitis treatment_Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

AMU reduction strategies \ Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Reduction in Antibiotic Usage (AMU) in dairy cows due to mastitis by implementation of smart, evidence‐based selection criteria requires increased diagnostic efforts. When the identification of therapy‐worthy animals as well as treatment‐requiring mastitis‐causing pathogens succeeds in a rapid and reliable manner, the reduction of AMU by ~50% in treatment of clinical mastitis and ~30% in antibiotic dry cow treatment (amount of uninfected cows) is feasible. Progress in the development of therapeutic alternatives and further investigations make a further reduction in AMU seem likely. However, the most effective and contemporary methods for decreasing AMU in dairy production comprise the implementation of evidence‐based mastitis therapy concepts and selective dry cow treatment. Avoidance of wrong decisions with unfavourable long‐term effects and related adverse consequences for animal welfare requires a systematic udder health monitoring of dairy farms.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rda.13032 ; https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13032

Country: DE