351 – Recommendations about biosecurity for small poultry farms by European Rural Poultry Association (Tools & Checklists)

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351 ToolsChecklists – Recommendations about biosecurity for small poultry farms by European Rural Poultry Association

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age:
Summary:
In a context where all poultry farms must apply strict biosecurity measures in order to protect themselves from several health threats such as Avian Influenza, ERPA, the European Rural Poultry Association, has produced two biosecurity information sheets for rural poultry farmers in Europe. These sheets are the result of a work carried out by ERPA in 2017, which first consisted of comparing the biosecurity regulations of several Member states to protect against AI, then defining homogenous biosecurity measures for all the rural poultry farmers in Europe. Simple to understand, these information sheets remind the basic principles to be respected in a poultry farm: protection of the rearing areas and management of interventions, management of the production units independently from each other, separation of palmipeds/gallinaceans, protocol of use of the changing room, application of waiting periods, and protection of animal feed, water and poultry in case of Avian Influenza in wild birds.

Where to find the original material: https://erpa-ruralpoultry.wixsite.com/erpa-en/biosecurity-sheets;
Country: France

336- Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage patterns in 180 selected farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries (Research paper – Sarrazin – 2018)

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336 Research paper – Sarrazin – 2018 – Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage patterns in 180 selected farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Objectives: Farm-level quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) in pig farms.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, AMU data on group treatments administered to a single batch of fattening pigs from birth to slaughter (group treatment data) and antimicrobials purchased during 1 year (purchase data) were collected at 180 pig farms in nine European countries. AMU was quantified using treatment incidence (TI) based on defined (DDDvet) and used (UDDvet) daily doses and defined (DCDvet) and used (UCDvet) course doses.
Results: The majority of antimicrobial group treatments were administered to weaners (69.5% of total TIDDDvet) followed by sucklers (22.5% of total TIDDDvet). AMU varied considerably between farms with a median TIDDDvet of 9.2 and 7.1 for a standardized rearing period of 200 days based on group treatment and purchase data, respectively. In general, UDDvet and UCDvet were higher than DDDvet and DCDvet, respectively, suggesting that either the defined doses were set too low or that group treatments were often dosed too high and/or administered for too long. Extended-spectrum penicillins (31.2%) and polymyxins (24.7%) were the active substances most often used in group treatments, with the majority administered through feed or water (82%). Higher AMU at a young age was associated with higher use in older pigs.
Conclusions: Collecting farm-level AMU data of good quality is challenging and results differ based on how data are collected (group treatment data versus purchase data) and reported (defined versus used daily and course doses).

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544242/; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky503
Country: BE, BG, DK, FR, DE, IT, PL, ES, NL

326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

275 – Water management practices in rabbit and poultry farms improve understanding of different attitudes (Research paper – Rousset – 2019)

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275 Research paper – Rousset – 2019 – Water management practices in rabbit and poultry farms improve understanding of different attitudes

Water \ Water quality
Species targeted: Poultry; Other;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In poultry and rabbit farms, the control of water quality is an important animal health measure. Technical guides describe good water management practices, and criteria of water quality. However, the level of receptivity and application of theses advices is very different between breeders. In order to sensitize farmers effectively, a qualitative study was conducted with 11 rabbit farmers and 7 broilers farmers, to improve understanding of different attitudes to water management practices. The majority of breeders define the quality of water in an imprecise way. Four profiles have been identified that can be represented along two axes: the level of knowledge and the level awareness of the importance of water quality subject. Breeders require advices that are more personal. It will be necessary to encourage them, to guide them more. Based on these profiles, suitable supports are being built.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/la-gestion-de-leau-dabreuvement-en-elevages-cunicole-et-avicole-mieux-comprendre-les;
Country: FR

274 – RefA2vi Towards the formalization of a French professional reference network on the use of antibiotics at poultry farm level (Research paper – Rousset – 2019)

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274 Research paper – Rousset – 2019 – RefA2vi Towards the formalization of a French professional reference network on the use of antibiotics at poultry farm level

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Currently poultry production organizations are committed to defining an indicator monitoring the reasoned use of antibiotics. That is why, the French Poultry Institute (ITAVI), with the French poultry’s inter-professional organizations and Anses formalize a professional network to collect computerized data on use of antibiotics at farm level (RefA²vi project). In 2014 and 2015, two surveys allowed collecting data from poultry farms in all species and production types. The partners were invited to create a scheme of network organization, which have been tested during a pilot phase.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/refa2vi-vers-la-formalisation-dun-reseau-de-references-professionnelles-francais-sur;
Country: FR

273 – Influence of human factor on health management preventive practices and antimicrobial isuses (Research paper – Rousset – 2019)

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273 Research paper – Rousset – 2019 – Influence of human factor on health management preventive practices and antimicrobial isuses

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In order to improve the characterization of the influence of the human factor on the variability of antimicrobial uses, a survey was conducted in 2016 with 68 broiler breeders in the Brittany and Pays de la Loire regions. The use of antimicrobials, or at least the perception of the level of use by farmers (up or down), is directly related to the perception of their profession (positive or negative). The perception of the poultry profession also seems to be linked to the observance of certain health prevention practices. Finally, a positive view of the profession seems to be associated with farmers who have an easier time taking a step back from the health events (animal mortality) and the use of antibiotic treatments. The sensitization of technical teams, from their initial training, to take these factors into account appears essential, to help them reflect on the practice of their future profession.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/influence-du-facteur-humain-sur-les-pratiques-sanitaires-preventives-et-sur-les-usages;
Country: FR

272 – Early postnatal rearing conditions of broilers influencing antibiotic use and mortality in the first 10 days (Research paper – Rousset – 2017)

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272 Research paper – Rousset – 2017 – Early postnatal rearing conditions of broilers influencing antibiotic use and mortality in the first 10 days

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Weaning age and management; AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The first 10 days of poultry rearing are a critical period for the chick development. A study was conducted to identify the early postnatal rearing conditions of broilers influencing antibiotic use and mortality in the first 10 days. 50 broilers flocks were investigated in Brittany. Visits were conducted 24 hours after the arrival of the chicks (V1) and 3 days later (V2). The average mortality rate was 1.9%, and 47 % of the flocks received antibiotic treatment. Data analysis revealed that flocks with a mortality rate higher than the overall flocks (2.3 %), were frequently treated with antibiotics (58 % of the flocks), were characterized by presence of E. coli in chicks in V1 and lameness in V2 chicks, generally had higher concentrations of CO2 in V1 (> 3 000 ppm), were located further from the hatchery (> 200 km) and did not use detergent to wash the poultry house.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/le-demarrage-des-poulets-de-chair-jeuneaviplus;
Country: FR

271 – Control of environmental conditions during a long wait for the day-old chick at the hatchery before breeding – What are the impacts on the quality and (Research paper – Puterflam – 2019)

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271 Research paper – Puterflam – 2019 – Control of environmental conditions during a long wait for the day-old chick at the hatchery before breeding_ what are the impacts on the quality and

In Significant Impact Groups: Housing and welfare \ Weaning age and management; Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
The robustness of day-old chicks is a crucial parameter to optimize welfare, to limit their mortality, and to reduce the use of antibiotics. The age of the breeders and the time at the hatchery can have a negative impact on their robustness. The aim of this study was to test optimized environmental conditions during a prolonged wait (24 hours) before breeding of two sets of day-old chicks from breeders at the beginning of laying (DP) and at the end of laying (FP). Results show that chicks placed in cases of lower density, in controlled environment, and with empty space between each box to improve air circulation significantly have less in weight loss between hatching and arrival at the farm, a significant increase in weight at D12 in FPs, a cloacal temperature greater at D1, and at slaughter a higher breast yield.

Where to find the original material: https://www.itavi.asso.fr/content/maitrise-des-conditions-dambiance-pendant-une-attente-prolongee-du-poussin-dun-jour-au;
Country: FR

270 – Alternatives to formaldehyde compounds for hygiene of Gallus gallus hatching eggs (Research paper – Puterflam – 2017)

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270 Research paper – Puterflam – 2017 – Alternatives to formaldehyde compounds for hygiene of Gallus gallus hatching eggs

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other Biosecurity
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young;
Summary:
During cooling of freshly laid eggs, the porosity of the eggshell allows environmental microorganisms to penetrate the egg and it is a cause of poor health for chicks’. The presence of microorganisms on the shell, the time between laying and collection, and storage conditions of eggs can increase risk of contamination. The disinfection of hatching eggs is an effective way of prevention, but it is done several hours after laying, with some risk of bacterial proliferation. Therefore it is important to reduce the contamination of the eggs after laying and before their introduction in the hatching process. Several assays to test alternative practices to reduce bacterial contamination were done. Using air disinfection systems in the egg conveyor didn’t lead to decrease bacterial contamination on egg surface. However, quick isolation of freshly laid eggs from the rearing area led to a significant decrease of outer- and inner-shell bacterial contamination.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601528/; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8101488
Country: FR