138 Non-human antimicrobial use surveillance in Canada (CCVO) (Industry Innovation)

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138 Industry Innovation – NON-HUMAN ANTIMICROBIAL USE SURVEILLANCE IN CANADA_ SURVEILLANCE OBJECTIVES AND OPTIONS by Canadian Council of Chief Veterinary Officers (CCVO)

Significant Interest Group: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The Council of Chief Veterinary Officers’ (CCVO) Antimicrobial Use in Animal Agriculture Committee established an Antimicrobial Use (AMU) Surveillance Working group in October 2013. The overarching objectives of this group were to 1) review current Canadian non-human AMU surveillance programs, 2) compare these programs to AMU surveillance programs in other countries, and 3) formulate recommendations and options for non-human AMU surveillance in Canada. This work began prior to the release of Canada’s Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Federal Framework and Federal Action Plan. One of the key objectives identified in these documents was to establish and strengthen AMR and AMU surveillance systems in humans and animals in Canada. Though Canada has robust AMR/AMU surveillance programs, “there is no comprehensive and integrated national picture of AMR [and AMU] in human health and within the agri-food system in Canada.” This report, therefore, is pivotal as Canada prepares to advance AMU surveillance.

Where to find the original material: https://www.cahss.ca/media/uploads/cipars/documents/17-08-01_19-44/CCVO_AMUCommittee_Non-HumanAMUSurveillance_FINAL_NjgJxTA.pdf;
Country: CA

137 National Milk Producers Federation FARM program Herd Health Plan template by National Milk Producers Federation (Tools & Checklists)

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137 ToolsChecklists – National Milk Producers Federation FARM program Herd Health Plan template by National Milk Producers Federation

Main Significant Interest Group: Other

Species: Dairy

The FARM program Herd Health Plan template is a tool for comprehensive and structured discussions for managing herd health. It is based on the National Milk Producers Federation FARM program from the US, which stipulates best practice for caring for dairy cattle and protocols for achieving optimal animal health and welfare. The tool has a series of checklists to ensure all parameters and procedures are adhered to, helpful diagrams for procedures such as injection site selection and euthanasia and space for individual farmers/stock people and advisors to add in their commitment to complying with the standards.

https://nationaldairyfarm.com/farm-animal-care-version-4-0/;

Country: USA

136 On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms (Research paper – Noremark, 2014)

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136 Research paper – Noremark – 2014 – On-farm biosecurity as perceived by professionals visiting Swedish farms

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Sheep; Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
The objectives of this study were to investigate how professionals visiting animal farms in Sweden in their daily work perceive the on-farm conditions for biosecurity, the factors that influence their own biosecurity routines and what they describe as obstacles for biosecurity. Visited pig farms had a higher proportion of biosecurity measures in place, whereas the conditions were poorer on sheep and goat farms and horse farms. Many of the reported obstacles related to the very basics of biosecurity, such as access to soap and water. Responsibility was identified to be a key issue; while some farmers expect visitors to take responsibility for keeping up biosecurity they do not provide the adequate on-farm conditions. There was a gap when it came to responsibility which needs to be clarified. Visitors need to take responsibility for avoiding spread of disease, while farmers need to assume responsibility for providing adequate conditions for on-farm biosecurity.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4036743/pdf/1751-0147-56-28.pdf; https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0147-56-28

Country: SE

135 Effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig production in four European countries (Research paper – Raasch, 2020)

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135 Research paper – Raasch – 2020 – Effectiveness of alternative measures to reduce antimicrobial usage in pig production in four European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \  AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The reduction of antimicrobial usage (AMU) is in the focus in modern pig production. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of alternatives to reduce AMU at herd level. In a study, 68 farrow-to-finish pig herds located in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden were recruited on a voluntary basis to implement tailor-made intervention plans to reduce AMU. Alternative measures included improvement of biosecurity, vaccination, changes of feeding schemes or drinking water quality, improved pig health and welfare care as well as changes in stable climate and zootechnical measures. Following tailor-made implementation of alternative measures, a substantial reduction of AMU in pig production was achievable without jeopardizing animal health. The AMU reduction in the youngest age categories (suckling and weaned pigs) and the reduction of group treatments via feed and water was in line with the recent European Guidelines on the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7050127/; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-020-0145-6

Country: BE; FR; DE; SE

134 Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low (Research paper – Collineau, 2017 )

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134 Research paper – Collineau – 2017 – Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Pig farmers have been advised to reduce their antimicrobial usage because of the threat of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the profile of ‘top-farms’, which combine both high technical performance and low antimicrobial usage. A study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish farms in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. Within this study, 44 top-farms were compared with the ‘regular’ farms in terms of farm characteristics, biosecurity and health status. Top-farms had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms in suckling pigs and fewer respiratory symptoms in fatteners, which could partly explain their reduced need for antimicrobials and higher performance. They also had higher biosecurity and were located in sparsely populated pig areas. However, 14 farms of the top-farms group were located in densely populated pig areas, but they had higher internal biosecurity and more extensive vaccination against respiratory pathogens. These results illustrate that it is possible to control infectious diseases with low antimicrobial usage.
134

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051316; https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.103988

Country: CH; FR; SE; BE; DE; DK

133 Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition – an alternative to infeed antibiotics (Research report – Grashorn, 2010)

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133 Research report – Grashorn – 2010 – Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition – an alternative to infeed antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
In poultry meat production birds have to face several challenges disturbing the normal functioning of the organism. Mainly, the gastrointestinal tract may be influenced resulting in weakened absorption of nutrients and in reduced performance and increased mortality. Therefore, in the past antibiotics were supplemented to diets to make birds cope better with harsh conditions. With the ban of antibiotics as infeed growth promoters farmers lost an effective tool to help birds to realize their performance capacity. Phytobiotics seem to be the most promising alternatives to antibiotics as growth promoters as they are of natural origin and as they are generally regarded as safe, although, they contain a broad number of pharmacologically active substances with unknown action. Experiments with various products conducted with broilers up to now show a tendency for improved performance and health status, although the net margin amounts only to few percents in regard to tested control groups.

Where to find the original material:

http://www.jafs.com.pl/Use-of-phytobiotics-in-broiler-nutrition-n-an-alternative-to-infeed-antibiotics-,66297,0,2.html; https://doi.org/10.22358/jafs/66297/2010

Country: DE

132 Application of multiblock modelling to identify key drivers for antimicrobial use in pig production in four European countries (Research paper – Collineau, 2018)

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132 Research paper – Collineau – 2018 – Application of multiblock modelling to identify key drivers for antimicrobial use in pig production in four European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Biosecurity
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Antimicrobial use in pig farming is influenced by a range of risk factors, including herd characteristics, biosecurity level, farm performance, occurrence of clinical signs and vaccination scheme, as well as farmers’ attitudes and habits towards antimicrobial use. So far, the effect of these risk factors has been explored separately. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of all these risk factors in a sample of 207 farrow- to-finish farms from Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. The occurrence of clinical signs, especially of respiratory and nervous diseases in fatteners, was one of the largest contributing risk factors in all four countries, whereas the effect of the other risk factors differed between countries. In terms of risk management, it suggests that a holistic and country-specific mitigation strategy is likely to be more effective.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665870; https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268818000742

Country: CH; FR; SE; DE; BE

 

131 EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union (Research report – EMA EFSA, 2017 )

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131 Research report – EMA EFSA – 2017 – EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult; Different for different species;
Summary: In 2017, EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR).Some reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States, including: national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing by veterinarians and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry, disease prevention and control measures.

https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666; https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666

Country: EU

130 Mastitis treatment_Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows (Research report – Kromker, 2017)

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130 Research report – Kromker – 2017 – Mastitis treatment_Reduction in antibiotic usage in dairy cows

AMU reduction strategies \ Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
Reduction in Antibiotic Usage (AMU) in dairy cows due to mastitis by implementation of smart, evidence‐based selection criteria requires increased diagnostic efforts. When the identification of therapy‐worthy animals as well as treatment‐requiring mastitis‐causing pathogens succeeds in a rapid and reliable manner, the reduction of AMU by ~50% in treatment of clinical mastitis and ~30% in antibiotic dry cow treatment (amount of uninfected cows) is feasible. Progress in the development of therapeutic alternatives and further investigations make a further reduction in AMU seem likely. However, the most effective and contemporary methods for decreasing AMU in dairy production comprise the implementation of evidence‐based mastitis therapy concepts and selective dry cow treatment. Avoidance of wrong decisions with unfavourable long‐term effects and related adverse consequences for animal welfare requires a systematic udder health monitoring of dairy farms.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/rda.13032 ; https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.13032

Country: DE

129 The global threat of antimicrobial resistance_science for intervention (Research report – Roca, 2015)

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129 Research report – Roca – 2015 – The global threat of antimicrobial resistance_science for intervention

AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance; Antibiotic use; Prudent use AB
Species targeted: Other;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary: The current threat of antimicrobial resistance plus the need to control it and find alternatives to currently used antimicrobial products has prompted the different stakeholders to take action in integrating research and public health, maintaining and promoting national and international antimicrobial resistance (AMR) research communities. In summary, the following measures can be taken to prevent emergence and spread of AMR: rational antibiotic’s use, implementing infection control measures at farm level, developing strategies to mitigate the risks for environment of antimicrobial residues, having rapid tests for diagnosis of infections, promotion of research on prevention and surveillance of AMR and developing novel antimicrobial strategies and agents, improving general and public awareness of responsible antibiotic use and risks associated to increased AMR.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446399/; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2015.02.007

Country: ES, TR, FR, UK, BE, NL, SE, DK, US, IT, IE, MZ, DE, CH,