159 Pig cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on disease prevention and on-farm biosecurity (Research paper – Laanen, 2014)

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159 Research paper – Laanen – 2014 – Pig cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on disease prevention and on-farm biosecurity

Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Understanding farmer’s perception is crucial for implementing disease prevention measures. To study this, an online questionnaire was given to 218 pig, 279 cattle and 61 poultry farmers in Flanders, Belgium. The term ‘biosecurity’ was correctly explained by less than 10% of these farmers. In general, all farmers had similar knowledge on disease prevention and biosecurity. There were differences in what farmers found more important: cattle farmers favored animal welfare, and pig farmers, on the other hand, favored the stability of the farm. Insufficient motivation was the most likely reason for poor implementation of biosecurity measures. Across the species, farmers indicate that insufficient information on costs and benefit is the biggest problem in application of preventive measures. The veterinarian is seen as the main source of information concerning disease prevention and biosecurity. With more explanation by the herd veterinarian increases being a major factor in farmer’s interest in disease prevention.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24703250; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.03.015
Country: BE

155 Introduction to Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK (Tools & Checklists)

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155 ToolsChecklists – Introduction to Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK

SIG: Pathogen management \ Eradication
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Johne’s disease is a chronic intestinal disease caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). There is no treatment or cure for Johne’s disease and infected animals will scour, waste away and eventually die if not culled. The progression of the disease is usually very slow with most animals becoming infected as young calves (often in the first 24 hours of life) but not becoming clinically ill until they are adults. It is a disease that causes considerable economic losses through decreased productivity and increased wastage of adult cattle, as well as the cost of monitoring, diagnosis and control. There is a strong association between Johne’s disease and production problems – with Johne’s cows being much more likely to have poor yields, mastitis, lameness or high somatic cell counts, all of which lead to premature culling. This tool provides a guide to starting to understand and control the disease on dairy farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.nmr.co.uk/uploads/files/files/johnesintro.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

154 Testing for Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK (Tools & Checklists)

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154 ToolsChecklists – Testing for Johne s Disease by National Milk Recording UK

SIG: Pathogen management \ Eradication
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Due to the nature of Johne’s disease, accurate identification of infected animals is often difficult, especially in the early stages of the disease. Infected animals in the early stage of the disease are unlikely to shed the MAP organism or produce a detectable antibody response. In the later stages of Johne’s disease, cows will often intermittently shed MAP and exhibit peaks and troughs of antibody production until reaching the clinical stage of the disease. This tool for understanding Johnes testing schemes focuses on two major principles: identifying the map organism itself and looking for the animal’s antibody response to the disease.

Where to find the original material: https://www.nmr.co.uk/uploads/files/files/testingforjohnes.pdf;
Country: United Kingdom;

153 Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms – A Review (Research paper – Andres, 2015)

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153 Research paper – Andres – 2015 – Biosecurity Measures to Control Salmonella and Other Infectious Agents in Pig Farms_ A Review

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Summary:
Salmonellosis is the 2nd most common cause of human bacterial food poisoning and can be acquired from eating both contaminated meat or eggs, either via direct consumption of the contaminated product or by cross-contamination with other food while preparing meals in the kitchen. Pork is considered, after eggs, the major source of infection in humans in the EU, mainly the S. typhymurium species. Good control measures at the farm level are likely to correspond with lower prevalence of infection and, subsequently, a reduction of cross-contamination of carcasses processed at the slaughterhouse. This review focuses on biosecurity measures in pig farms that can help to control important pig diseases at the same time as reducing the within-herd prevalence of Salmonella. This information is likely to provide an economic incentive for farmers to apply improved general standards of farm biosecurity and hygiene management that would have a positive impact in food safety.

Where to find the original material: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277725160_Biosecurity_Measures_to_Control_Salmonella_and_Other_Infectious_Agents_in_Pig_Farms_A_Review; https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12137

Country: UK

152 Rispoval IBR Marker vaccines by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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152 ToolsChecklists – Rispoval IBR Marker vaccines by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management \ Vaccination
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) is caused by Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), a highly infectious virus which spreads both directly (animal to animal and over short distances through the air), and indirectly (e.g. on clothing and equipment). Infection in naïve animals can result in respiratory signs, fever, milk drop and abortion. Bulk milk antibody testing shows that many dairy herds in the UK are chronically infected. Animals exposed to the virus become lifelong carriers and in times of stress, e.g calving, can start shedding virus. They ma/may not show signs of disease at this time, but they can infect others in the herd. A single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Live followed up to 6 months later with a single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Inactivated, allows for an annual vaccination programme using a single dose of Rispoval IBR Marker Inactivated. This checklist details the protocol for vaccinating your herd against IBR.
152

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

149 Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis (Tools& Checklists)

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149 ToolsChecklists – Collecting and transporting samples by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
This farmer guide to collecting and transporting milk samples for bacterial culture +/- sensitivity as well as Somatic Cell Counts includes a step by step procedure for the kit required, marking and preparing the sterile pots, taking the milk sample, storing it correctly and sending it for analysis by a lab or the vets. Taking milk samples is key to identifying the bugs causing mastitis so that the correct control strategy can be selected and implemented. Environmental bugs such as Strep uberis require a different approach compared to Staph aureus or E.coli. Sensitivity testing can also help you to assess whether the antibiotic treatment protocols you are using for a clinical case are indeed effective.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

147 Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis (Tools & Checklists)

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147 ToolsChecklists – Sterile milk sample for bacteriology FARMER GUIDE by Zoetis

SIG: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Dairy;
Summary:
When clinical mastitis has been diagnosed in a quarter, a sterile milk sample should be taken to determine which bacteria is responsible. This will help with implementing specific mastitis control measures. Cows should be sampled as soon as mastitis is detected, preferably before milking is commenced. This checklist with images details how to prepare the udder and teats before taking a milk sample and how to do so as cleanly and aseptically as possible, so as to not contaminate the sample.

Where to find the original material: https://www.zoetis.co.uk/livestock-farming/useful-resources/index.aspx;
Country: United Kingdom;

145 Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs (Research paper – De Ridder, 2013)

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145 Research paper – De Ridder – 2013 – Evaluation of three intervention strategies to reduce the transmission of Salmonella Typhimurium in pigs

SIG: Feed / gut health \ Feed additives and supplements; Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
Despite current control measures, Salmonella in pigs remains a major public health concern. In this in vivo study, the effect of three intervention strategies on Salmonella Typhimurium transmission in pigs was evaluated. The first intervention was feed supplemented with coated calcium-butyrate, the second comprised oral vaccination with a double-attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium strain, and the third was acidification of drinking water with a mixture of organic acids. Both feed supplementation with coated calcium-butyrate and vaccination with an attenuated vaccine decreased Salmonella Typhimurium transmission in pigs. Further studies are needed to assess the practical issues related to the implementation of these interventions. For example, more data are needed to determine the best age groups and treatment regimens for the coated calcium-butyrate and to learn how to overcome the problem of Salmonella-specific antibodies in vaccinated pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23680264; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.03.026

Country: BE

141 Johnes; Dairy by James Smith UK Herdwise 2018 winner (Farm Innovation)

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141 Farm Innovation – Johnes; Dairy by James Smith UK Herdwise 2018 winner

Significant Interest Groups: Pathogen management \ Eradication
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Different for different species;
Summary:
For James Smith, winner of the UK’s National Milk Records 2018 Herdwise award, reducing Johnes disease burden across his 240-head organic Holstein Friesian herd in Chippenham, UK, saw Johne’s positive cows reduce from 35 per cent of the herd to 15 per cent in two years. Since June 2016, this has included the introduction of several herd management practices e.g. installation of a pasteuriser and Johne’s testing done quarterly via milk samples taken as part of the Herdwise Johne’s screening scheme. If a cow has a positive result above 60 per cent, it is culled at the end of that lactation. Cows with very high readings, often termed „super shedders‟, are culled as soon as possible. “The long-term goal is to eliminate Johne’s completely, but realistically this will take several years so it is vital we have the management strategies in place to achieve this.”

Where to find the original material: https://www.fginsight.com/vip/vip/holstein-herd-rewarded-for-johnes-control-practices-64389;
Country: UK

134 Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low (Research paper – Collineau, 2017 )

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134 Research paper – Collineau – 2017 – Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low

In Significant Impact Groups: Biosecurity \ Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Pig farmers have been advised to reduce their antimicrobial usage because of the threat of antimicrobial resistance. This study investigates the profile of ‘top-farms’, which combine both high technical performance and low antimicrobial usage. A study was conducted among 227 farrow-to-finish farms in Belgium, France, Germany and Sweden. Within this study, 44 top-farms were compared with the ‘regular’ farms in terms of farm characteristics, biosecurity and health status. Top-farms had fewer gastrointestinal symptoms in suckling pigs and fewer respiratory symptoms in fatteners, which could partly explain their reduced need for antimicrobials and higher performance. They also had higher biosecurity and were located in sparsely populated pig areas. However, 14 farms of the top-farms group were located in densely populated pig areas, but they had higher internal biosecurity and more extensive vaccination against respiratory pathogens. These results illustrate that it is possible to control infectious diseases with low antimicrobial usage.
134

Where to find the original material: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051316; https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.103988

Country: CH; FR; SE; BE; DE; DK