340 – Efficacy of non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis on an organic dairy farm (Research paper – Paudyal – 2020)

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340 Research paper – Paudyal – 2020 – Efficacy of non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis on an organic dairy farm

In Significant Impact Groups: Specific alternatives \ Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Adult;
Summary:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two non-antibiotic treatment options for digital dermatitis (DD) (1) topical application of copper sulfate and iodine (CUI); (2) topical application of honey and iodine (HOI); and (3) control subject to no treatment (CON). A randomized clinical trial was conducted using 70 multiparous Holstein cows with an early DD lesion at a USDA certified organic dairy farm in Northern Colorado, USA. The two non-antibiotic formulations resulted in an earlier transition to mature lesions compared with the control group. The CUI combination was the most effective treatment in reducing lesion size, pain, and lameness in affected cows. However, this combination had short-term efficacy, which did not persist throughout the duration of the study. The HOI combination produced only transient reduction in lesion size.

Where to find the original material: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023319301509; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.105417
Country: USA

338- Automated collection of heat stress data in livestock_ new technologies and opportunities (Research paper – Koltes – 2018)

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338 Research paper – Koltes – 2018 – Automated collection of heat stress data in livestock_ new technologies and opportunities

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management
Species targeted: Pigs; Dairy; Beef;
Age: Not stated;
Summary:
The objective of this manuscript is to discuss automated body temperature monitoring technologies and to discuss their use to develop new strategies to overcome potential animal health problems. Development of technologies to detect elevated temperature earlier or to predict and prevent the negative effects of a fever or heat stress would be extremely valuable. Future development of these technologies will require real-time data collection, data management, and development of predictive models to determine the risk of heat and disease stress to allow for early intervention to prevent or limit losses in current and future generations of animals.

Where to find the original material: https://academic.oup.com/tas/article/2/3/319/4999824; https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txy061
Country: USA

336- Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage patterns in 180 selected farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries (Research paper – Sarrazin – 2018)

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336 Research paper – Sarrazin – 2018 – Quantitative and qualitative analysis of antimicrobial usage patterns in 180 selected farrow-to-finish pig farms from nine European countries

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young;
Summary:
Objectives: Farm-level quantification of antimicrobial usage (AMU) in pig farms.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study, AMU data on group treatments administered to a single batch of fattening pigs from birth to slaughter (group treatment data) and antimicrobials purchased during 1 year (purchase data) were collected at 180 pig farms in nine European countries. AMU was quantified using treatment incidence (TI) based on defined (DDDvet) and used (UDDvet) daily doses and defined (DCDvet) and used (UCDvet) course doses.
Results: The majority of antimicrobial group treatments were administered to weaners (69.5% of total TIDDDvet) followed by sucklers (22.5% of total TIDDDvet). AMU varied considerably between farms with a median TIDDDvet of 9.2 and 7.1 for a standardized rearing period of 200 days based on group treatment and purchase data, respectively. In general, UDDvet and UCDvet were higher than DDDvet and DCDvet, respectively, suggesting that either the defined doses were set too low or that group treatments were often dosed too high and/or administered for too long. Extended-spectrum penicillins (31.2%) and polymyxins (24.7%) were the active substances most often used in group treatments, with the majority administered through feed or water (82%). Higher AMU at a young age was associated with higher use in older pigs.
Conclusions: Collecting farm-level AMU data of good quality is challenging and results differ based on how data are collected (group treatment data versus purchase data) and reported (defined versus used daily and course doses).

Where to find the original material: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30544242/; https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky503
Country: BE, BG, DK, FR, DE, IT, PL, ES, NL

330 – Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle chickens and pigs – A scoping review (Research paper – Murphy – 2018)

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330 Research paper – Murphy – 2018 – Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle chickens and pigs_A scoping review

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Beef;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue with a large volume of published literature, and there is a need for synthesis of primary studies for an integrated understanding of this topic. A comprehensive literature search and screening were performed to identify studies investigating factors potentially linked with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica along the farm‐to‐fork pathway (farm, abattoir (slaughter houses) and retail meats) for the major Canadian livestock species (beef cattle, broiler chicken and pigs). The most common factors identified were antimicrobial use and type of farm management system (e.g., antibiotic‐free, organic). There are still insufficient research done on the effect of vaccination, industry‐specific factors (e.g., livestock density) and factors at sites other than farm along the agri‐food chain. Further investigation of these factors and other relevant industry activities are needed in order to identify effective interventions to decrease antimicrobial resistance along the agri‐food chain.

Where to find the original material: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/zph.12515; https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12515
Country: CA

326 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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326 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 2

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep; Other;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This article highlights new approaches and potential solutions for the development of vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics in food producing animals. Many current vaccines fall short of ideal vaccines in one or more respects. Promising breakthroughs to overcome these limitations include new biotechnology techniques, new oral vaccine approaches, novel adjuvants, new delivery strategies based on bacterial spores, and live recombinant vectors; they also include new vaccination strategies in-ovo, and strategies that simultaneously protect against multiple pathogens. However, translating this research into commercial vaccines that effectively reduce the need for antibiotics will require close collaboration among stakeholders, for instance through public–private partnerships. Targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts by all affected are needed to realize the potential of vaccines to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks.

Where to find the original material: https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7?optIn=true; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0561-7
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

325- Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1 (Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018)

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325 Research paper – Hoelzer – 2018 – Vaccines as alternatives to antibiotics for food producing animals Part 1

In Significant Impact Groups: Pathogen management \ Vaccination; Specific alternatives
Species targeted: Pigs; Poultry; Dairy; Beef; Sheep;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
Vaccines and other alternative products can help minimize the need for antibiotics by preventing and controlling infectious diseases in animal populations, and are central to the future success of animal agriculture. This article, synthesizes and expands on the expert panel discussions regarding opportunities, challenges and needs for the development of vaccines that may reduce the need for use of antibiotics in animals. Vaccines are widely used to prevent infections in food animals. Various studies have demonstrated that their animal agricultural use can lead to significant reductions in antibiotic consumption, making them promising alternatives to antibiotics. To be widely used in food producing animals, vaccines have to be safe, effective, easy to use, and cost-effective. Although vaccines have the potential to improve animal health, safeguard agricultural productivity, and reduce antibiotic consumption and resulting resistance risks, targeted research and development investments and concerted efforts are needed to realize that potential.

Where to find the original material: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8; https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0560-8
Country: USA; UK; FR; BE; DE

323 Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance AMR due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics (Research report – EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards – 2016)

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323 Research report – EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards – 2016 – Risk for the development of Antimicrobial Resistance AMR due to feeding of calves with milk containing residues of antibiotics

In Significant Impact Groups: Other
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young;
Summary:
This reports assess both the risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to feeding on farm of calves with colostrum containing residues of antibiotics; and risk for the development of AMR due to feeding on farm of calves with milk of cows treated during lactation with an antibiotic and milked during the withdrawal period. It also proposes options to limit the risk of AMR derived from such practices. Treatment of dairy cows during the dry period and during lactation is common. Milk from cows receiving antimicrobial treatment during lactation contains residues during the treatment and withdrawal period, and this milk will lead to increased faecal shedding of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria by calves. A range of possible options exist for restricting the feeding of such milk to calves. b-Lactamases can reduce the concentration of b-lactams. Options to limit these bacteria in raw milk or colostrum are based on thermal inactivation.

Where to find the original material: https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665; https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4665
Country: Not applicable (European Commission)

317 – Antimicrobial use in Swedish farrow-to-finish pig herds is related to farmer characteristics (Research paper – Backhans 2016)

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317 Research paper – Backhans 2016 – Antimicrobial use in Swedish farrow-to-finish pig herds is related to farmer characteristics

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies
Species targeted: Pigs;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:

The farm , or farm-related factors influencing antimicrobial (AM) use in 60 farrow-to finish pig farms in Sweden was investigated and how biosecurity level, farmers’ attitudes to AM and information provided by the herd veterinarian influence AM use under Swedish conditions. There was no significant association between biosecurity and AM use and attitudes to AM were also not significant associated with AM use. However, individual characteristics of farmer were found to be important. Older farmers, females and university-educated farmers used more AM in suckling piglets, and older farmers use more AM in weaners. Larger farms were associated with higher treatment incidence in fatteners. The lack of association between AM use and biosecurity was explained by the general better biosecurity level in Swedish herds and may thus be more difficult to identify, and might be due to the overall better health status of the pigs.

Where to find the original material: https://porcinehealthmanagement.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40813-016-0035-0; https://doi.org/10.1186/s40813-016-0035-0
Country: SE

315 – Determinants of antimicrobial treatment for udder health in Danish dairy cattle herds (Research paper – Gussmann – 2017)

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315 Research paper – Gussmann – 2017 – Determinants of antimicrobial treatment for udder health in Danish dairy cattle herds

In Significant Impact Groups: AMU reduction strategies \ Monitoring and surveillance Antibiotic use
Species targeted: Dairy;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
This study analyzes database recordings of milk yield and somatic cell count from routine milk recording schemes, clinical registrations of mastitis, and cow factors such as days in milk and parity in relation to antibiotic treatments for 518 dairy herds in Denmark. Analysis was performed to identify the driving predictors for treatment in different groups of farms. The results showed that determinants that were most important for predicting antibiotic treatments vary from one farm to another. Health indicators such as test results or somatic cell count were most indicative for treatment on some farms, whereas other groups seemed to depend more on production factors (milk yield) or later culling of the cows. This shows that farmers behave differently and differences can be identified in register data. This information can be considered when developing cost-effective herd-specific control measures of mastitis to promote prudent use of antibiotics in Danish dairy cattle farms.

Where to find the original material: https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(17)30952-9/fulltext; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-12994
Country: DA

314 The Seed Feed and Weed approach to managing intestinal health in drug-free production systems by The Poultry Informed Professional (Industry Innovation)

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314 Industry Innovation – The Seed Feed and Weed approach to managing intestinal health in drug-free production systems by The Poultry Informed Professional

In Significant Impact Groups: Feed / gut health \ Feeding management
Species targeted: Poultry;
Age: Young; Adult;
Summary:
The three most important legs of an effective intestinal management program include: “seeding” the gut with favourable organisms, “feeding” the favourable organisms and “weeding” out the unfavourable organisms. This involves applying a probiotic/competitive exclusion product as soon after hatch as possible. Adding a suitable organic acid via the drinking water to increasing its concentration in the small intestine and enhance the capacity of the favourable organisms to colonize and rapidly dominate the microbial community of the small intestine. Blocking the attachment mechanism of unfavourable organisms with a type-1 fimbria blocker and thereby reducing their capacity to compete with the favourable organisms in the gut.

Where to find the original material: https://journals.co.za/doi/10.10520/ejc-vp_afma_v30_n4_a10
Country: US